64 of the red barriers were taken from the side of the road at Lee Moor Hill, where they were left at 5pm on Friday, March 11 in readiness for work to start on Monday.
The barriers are approximately two metres by one metre, and police say a large vehicle would have been required to remove them.
Anyone who sees people using similar barriers in the area, or who has any information is asked to call the police on 101 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111, quoting crime reference 16387/16.